Tag Franklin & Juniper st church of Christ

INCLINE THY EAR

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Leaning in to Learn

Salvation begins with a simple yet profound act. One must hear the word of God. Jesus made this clear when He said, “Everyone who hears these words of mine and does them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock” (Matthew 7:24). Hearing is not automatic. It requires us to incline our ear toward God.

The Bible often uses the phrase “incline your ear” to describe attentive, humble listening. In the Old Testament, God repeatedly called His people to this posture. Isaiah urged, “Incline your ear, and come to me; hear, and your soul shall live” (Isaiah 55:3). Proverbs teach us to “incline your ear to wisdom” so that understanding enters our hearts (Proverbs 2:2; 4:20). This is no casual hearing. It means turning our full attention toward God, bending our will in His direction, and opening our hearts to receive what He says.

For us today, inclining the ear means listening to the written word of God. We pick up the Scriptures, read them carefully, and listen with a desire to understand and obey. In Acts, those who heard Peter’s message on Pentecost “were cut to the heart” and asked what they should do (Acts 2:37). They listened intently. Their response led to repentance and baptism. Thousands were added to the church that day.

Contrast this with those who refused to listen. In Jeremiah, God lamented that His people “did not listen or incline their ear” despite persistent warnings through the prophets. They stiffened their necks and missed God’s blessing. Jesus warns of this danger in His parables. He told of seed falling on different soils, where only the good soil “hears the word and understands it” and bears fruit (Matthew 13:23). The difference was not in the seed but in the hearer’s response. Stephen pointed this out when he said, “Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye” (Acts 7:51). Oh, you thought he was being insulting? Nay, Nay; he was only echoing what the prophets before had already said. “Yet they hearkened not unto me, nor inclined their ear, but hardened their neck: they did worse than their fathers” (Jeremiah 7:26).

Inclining your ear is the necessary first step because faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ (Romans 10:17). No one can believe what they have not heard. No one can obey what they have not received. This truth places beautiful responsibility on every person. God speaks through His word. We must choose to lean in and listen.

Think of the Bereans, who “received the word with all eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see if these things were so” (Acts 17:11). Or consider the Ethiopian eunuch, who was reading Isaiah when Philip joined him. One conversation about the written word opened his heart to salvation (Acts 8:26-38).

God’s plan is accessible to all. He has preserved His word so that anyone willing can incline their ear. You do not need special revelation or an irresistible pull. You need an open Bible, an open mind, and a willing heart. Read it daily. Meditate on it. Let the words sink deep.

The first step of salvation is to hear the word. Jesus stands ready. The question is whether we will incline our ear to Him. Many miss heaven by inches, not miles, simply because they never inclined their ear to the God who speaks. Turn your attention. Eternity hangs on it.

Agape
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Hero of Faith: HUR

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An example of Helping weary hands.

“So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. But Moses’ hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun. And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.” (Exodus 17:10-13)

This scene unfolds early in the Exodus journey. Little is recorded about Hur except here and in Exodus 24, where he appears alongside Aaron. In the heat of the first battle after leaving Egypt, Hur stood faithfully on the hilltop with Moses and Aaron while Joshua fought below.

When Moses’ hands grew heavy as he lifted them (he was holding them up so Joshua would prevail), Hur and Aaron stepped in. They held his arms up, one on each side, through the entire day until sunset. Because of their support, Moses’ hands remained steady, and Israel triumphed.

Helping Weary Hands
Leaders grow tired. Even Moses, who confronted Pharaoh and parted the Red Sea, reached a point of exhaustion. Hur shows us that one meaningful way to serve is by lifting what another can no longer hold alone. In daily life, this means encouraging a weary spouse, supporting an overburdened leader, or helping a friend through a difficult season. You do not need a title or spotlight. Quiet support can help another endure through whatever battle rages.

Staying by Their Side Through the Length of the Day
Hur did not offer a quick boost and leave. He stayed until the sun went down. The battle lasted all day, and his presence remained steady and reliable. True support requires endurance and unwavering commitment. In a world quick to give temporary encouragement, Hur models consistent loyalty. Whether the season is long or the struggle intense, staying nearby can make all the difference.

Remaining Steady So the One Helped Remains Steady
The Scripture notes that Moses’ hands were steady because Aaron and Hur held them up. Their strength created stability for Moses, which brought victory for the entire nation. When we help others remain steady, the impact can multiply beyond the one being steadied. Our faithfulness can lead to greater victories.

Be a Hur in Someone’s Battle
Hur never led the army or stood in the spotlight like Moses. Yet his quiet strength proved essential. From his example we may want to ask: Whose hands can I help hold up today?

Look around. Someone near you may be growing weary. You can be the steady presence that keeps their hands and heart lifted. Let’s learn from Hur to serve humbly, stay faithfully, and hold steady until the end. Your quiet faithfulness matters in the eyes of God. Go and be a Hur.

Agape

seb

All Spiritual Blessings In Christ: Adoption

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Adoption & Heirs
Every spiritual blessing God gives comes to us only in Christ. The apostle Paul opens Ephesians with this sweeping truth: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places” (Ephesians 1:3).

Among the greatest of these blessings are adoption and inheritance. Through faith in Jesus, God takes us who were once outsiders and adopts us as His own children. We are no longer slaves or strangers but sons and daughters in His family. “But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ” (Galatians 4:4-7).

This adoption brings full rights. We receive the Spirit of adoption. And because we are now children, we become heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ. An eternal inheritance awaits us that nothing in this world can take away. “And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together” (Romans 8:15-17).

How did we come to this inheritance and adoption? Paul wrote by inspiration, “For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise” (Galatians 3:26-29).

We’re able to be baptized into Christ because of what He did on the cross. “And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby… Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God” (Ephesians 2:14-19);

All of it is found in Christ alone. Through Jesus we are welcomed home, fully adopted, and made rich with every spiritual blessing the Father has to give. Now all that remains is the redemption of our body when Christ returns. “…even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body” (Romans 8:23). Having been justified by His grace we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal life (Titus 3:7).

“Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you, Who are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation ready to be revealed in the last time” (1Peter 1:3-5).

Agape
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Bearing Fruit unto Holiness

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“Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples.” (John 15:8)

The Apostle Paul writes about bearing fruit, comparing our former lives to our new life having been baptized into Christ.

“For when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free from righteousness. What fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now ashamed? for the end of those things is death. But now being made free from sin, and become servants to God, ye have your fruit unto holiness, and the end everlasting life. For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord” (Romans 6:20-23).

In this passage he had reminded the saints in Rome they had died to sin when they were baptized into the death of Christ. “How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein? Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life” (vss 2-4).

What does all of this mean for us today? Prior to obeying the gospel the fruit of our shameful lives was leading to death (eternal separation from God Isaiah 59:2). Do you remember Romans chapter one? “Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them” (Rom 1:32). Read that whole chapter and see those shameful things worthy of death. Recall what Paul wrote to the church at Corinth; “Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, Nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God. And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God” (1Corinthians 6:9-11).

Here’s the comfort: Those who have been baptized into Christ’s death, for the forgiveness of sins, have put on Christ, and have the circumcision of the heart by the working of God, have been set free from sin, and are now on that narrow path that leads to eternal life as servants of God!* We have been washed, we are sanctified, we are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God.

“I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing” (John 15:5).

Agape
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*Romans 6:3-4; Acts 2:38; 22:16; Galatians 3:27; Colossians 2:11-12; Matthew 7:13-14.

The Season of Life

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THE SEASONS OF LIFE

Today is the first day of summer. While we in Texas thought it already began, it’s officially today.

I find it interesting that last winter I complained about the cold, and now I’m complaining about the heat. I guess I’m shocked by each season’s weather. Perhaps it’s just me?

Spiritually speaking, the seasons are there for our benefit. Paul told those in Lystra about God and His seasons, “Nevertheless He did not leave Himself without witness, in that He did good, gave us rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness” (Acts 14:17).

God’s regulated creation gives us constancy in our lives which allows us to live, plan, and grow. If nature did not have this constant regularity we could not survive. The seasons have their order and their purpose. There is WINTER (preparation), which every single time is followed by SPRING (planting), bringing us back to SUMMER (cultivation) after which is AUTUMN (harvesting). Every human everywhere can count on the seasons (within their regions). These seasons, a part of God’s overall creation, is there for us, for our health, and for our spiritual well-being. “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse” (Romans 1:20; cf Matt 5:45).

Other parts of God’s creation teach us about the seasons of life, “Go to the ant, you sluggard! Consider her ways and be wise…Provides her supplies in the summer, And gathers her food in the harvest” (Prov 6:6-8). Ants are all in all the time. They Never quit, and they take advantage of every season in its TIME.

Other scriptures give us spiritual lessons through the physical seasons. The law of Sowing & Reaping is a powerful lesson both physically and spiritually. Let us be Sowing & or Reaping in its proper season.

The famous passage in Ecclesiastes 3 teaches us the seasons of life have a certain opportunity, “To everything there is a season, A time for every purpose under heaven” (Ecc 3:1). We often view these negatively (read most times at funerals), but that view overlooks the opportunities available in every season of life, both the positive and the negative.

A lesson for me from the seasons and its regularity is to never give up when you’re in one particularly hard season. Winter reminds me of death and sadness. When we lived in Alaska we were warned about cabin fever. That’s when folks experience the distressing irritability, restlessness, and anxiety from being confined inside during the harsh subzero weather and prolonged darkness. Never let one hard season ruin all the seasons.

We need to stay strong and remember that SPRING follows every WINTER. It might be hot today, but very soon we’ll enjoy the beautiful cooler Autumn weather. But I haven’t been talking about weather.

Agape
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Bearing Fruit: Pruning

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“Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth (prunes) it, that it may bring forth more fruit.” (John 15:2)

PRUNING for greater fruitfulness.
In grape production (viticulture), the vinedresser removes dead or unfruitful branches entirely to concentrate the vine’s energy to improve growth and health for greater productivity. This is not destruction but care. God actively tends His people for fruitfulness, accomplished primarily through His Word, all aimed at greater Christlikeness and productivity. From this verse in John 15 we see two actions being taken by the vinedresser (God the Father):

ONE: Branches that produce no fruit are removed. “If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned” (John 15:6). This is a warning about those who were “in me” but are not bearing fruit. We see other scriptures warning of this same condition; The parable of the Sower (Mark 4:13-20); the warning about false prophets (Matt 7:15-20); and the breaking off of branches (Romans 11:11-27). The possibility of apostasy is real.

TWO: The Father cleanses or prunes fruitful branches “that it may bring forth more fruit.” The goal is increase, not comfort—removing what hinders maximum productivity. Paul wrote about a similar “pruning” using the metaphor of “mortifying” and “putting off” the works of the world (Colossians 3:5-17).

The primary instrument of pruning Jesus says is the word, “Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you… If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you” (John 15:3, 7). Reading, applying, and obeying Scripture convicts, corrects, and trains (cf. 2Timothy 3:16-17).

Another way God prunes is through the trials that are in this world since the fall. “My brethren, count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations; Knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh patience. But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing” (James 1:2-4). Trials test and develop endurance, leading to maturity (perfection). God has established principles in creation and redemption that automatically correct deviation (sowing and reaping, consequences of sin, Galatians 6:7). Any true understanding of discipline through trial comes from the revealed Word of God.

Hebrews 12 informs us that discipline is for our good, as a father who loves and disciplines his son. It’s considered loving to train a child. “For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth” (Hebrews 12:6). God may use circumstances, but understanding flows from knowing His Word. God “prunes” for greater fruitfulness, because He loves us, for maturity, and to remove hindrances. We respond by abiding in Him (through His word), count trials as joy because of what it will produce in us, actively participate by removing sin & distractions, and fully trusting in God who wants us to be fully equipped for every good work. “Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples” (John 15:8).

Agape
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Happy New Year: 2026 Bible Reading Plan

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BIBLE READING RESOLUTION

“For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart” (Hebrews 4:12).

I asked a fellow one day if he knew why people read the Bible daily. He said that he didn’t really know why. It got me thinking about why we ought to read the Bible.

In a world filled with confusion, relativism, and aimless wandering, we desperately need to immerse ourselves in the Bible, God’s inspired Word. As Ephesians 5:17 urges, we must not live foolishly but understand the WILL OF THE LORD, which is revealed clearly through Scripture. John 17:17 declares that GOD’S WORD IS TRUTH ITSELF; the objective anchor in an age of shifting sand of public opinions, guarding us from deception. Moreover, 1 Peter 3:15 tells us to always BE READY TO GIVE A DEFENSE FOR THE HOPE WITHIN US, a readiness that comes only from knowing and internalizing biblical truth. Finally, recognizing that it is not in man to direct his own steps (Jeremiah 10:23), we turn to Psalm 119:105, where GOD’S WORD BECOMES A LAMP TO OUR FEET AND A LIGHT TO OUR PATH, illuminating our purpose and guiding us safely through life’s journey. Without regular reading of the Bible, we stumble in darkness; with it, we walk confidently in God’s eternal direction.

Get A Bookmark; it’s the easiest Bible Reading Plan.
A simple bookmark can be one of the most powerful tools for staying consistent in Bible reading, even without following a formal plan. Life is unpredictable with busy schedules, unexpected interruptions, and shifting priorities that can easily derail our good intentions to read Scripture daily. But a bookmark quietly solves this problem by marking exactly where we left off, so we know where to go when we pick back up the Bible again. No need to remember the last chapter or verse, no pressure to “catch up” on missed days, and no guilt over abandoning a rigid reading schedule. It allows us to resume right where we stopped, whether that was yesterday, or last week. This simple device keeps the habit alive, allowing steady progress through the Word over months and years. Over time, that humble bookmark becomes a faithful companion helping us build a lifelong rhythm of reading His Word; one verse, one chapter, one bookmark placement at a time.

I have found it most effective to set a time to read each day. In the early years I would read just before bed (a great strategy if you’re trying to avoid screen time at the end of the day). This helped me to go to sleep with God’s word on my heart. Now a days I read in the mornings (Monday – Friday) following a 5-day reading plan to read through the whole bible in one year. May God’s word be a blessing to you as you read in 2026.

Agape
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Evidence for our Faith: I Ain’t ‘fraid of no Ghosts

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Comfort in Christ: I aint ‘fraid of no Ghosts. The Ghost of Jacob Marley vs. the Truth of Luke 16:19-31

Charles Dickens’ “A Christmas Carol” paints a vivid picture of Jacob Marley’s ghost returning from the dead to warn Ebenezer Scrooge of his selfish ways, hoping to spare him a grim afterlife. Marley’s clanking chains and desperate plea grip our imaginations, but how does this fictional tale stack up against the truth of God’s Word in Luke 16:19-31, the story of Lazarus and the rich man? The Bible offers a different, more comforting reality for believers: Neither the faithful nor the lost return as ghosts.

In “A Christmas Carol”, Marley’s ghost is a restless spirit, burdened by chains forged from his greed and indifference in life. He returns to haunt Scrooge, warning him to change his ways to avoid eternal torment. The story suggests the dead can cross back to the living (or never cross over to the realm of the dead), intervening to deliver messages of repentance or hope. This makes for a compelling plot, stirring Scrooge to transform, but it leans on a cultural idea of ghosts lingering to settle unfinished business. Marley’s return implies the afterlife allows such spectral visits, with the dead actively influencing the living. This concept has enriched Hollywood with movies like “Ghost” and “The sixth sense.”

Contrast this with Luke 16:19-31, where Jesus tells of Lazarus, a poor man, and a rich man who die. Lazarus rests in peace at Abraham’s side, while the rich man suffers in torment. The rich man begs Abraham to send Lazarus back to warn his brothers, hoping to save them from his fate. Abraham says, “They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them” (Luke 16:29). When the rich man insists a return from the dead would convince them, Abraham replies, “If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, though one rose from the dead” (Luke 16:31). Unlike Marley, Lazarus doesn’t haunt the earth (nor does the rich man); he’s at rest, and the rich man’s plea for a ghostly messenger is denied. God’s Word, not supernatural visits, is sufficient for guidance. Ironically, a man named Lazarus did come back from the dead, “But the chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also to death; Because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus” (John 12:10-11). So also did ANOTHER come back from the dead and it’s HIS WORD that either warns or haunts us today. “He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day” (John 12:48). The message today is the same; if we hear not Christ, neither will we be persuaded, though one rose from the dead.

Marley’s story fuels the idea that the dead roam to fix past wrongs, reflecting a human longing for second chances or closure. But this clashes with Scripture’s truth: the faithful, like Lazarus, are immediately in comfort, not wandering as spirits. Hebrews 9:27 states, “And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment,” with no provision for ghostly returns. For believers, this is a warm comfort; the faithful in Christ aren’t trapped or restless but safe with God.

Dickens’ tale captivates, but it’s fiction. Luke 16:19-31 grounds us in truth: God’s Word guides the living, and the faithful find eternal rest, not a ghostly mission.

agape

Sources:

  • Holy Bible KJV.
  • Dickens, Charles. “A Christmas Carol” (1843).

Final Thought: Marley’s ghost makes a great story, but God’s Word assures us there are no ghosts haunting the earth. I aint ‘fraid of no Ghosts.

Evidence for our Faith: Free Will

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Let’s talk about this Calvinist idea of predestination. Basically, that God pulls every string, deciding who’s in and who’s out, with free will just a side note because God’s Sovereignty demands it. Sounds tidy, right? But the Bible keeps pushing back, shouting from the rooftops that we’ve got real choices to make. It’s not some robotic rerun; it’s a dynamic story where God hands us the reins and says, “Your move.”

God repeatedly tells individuals to make choices, implying free will. In Joshua 24:15, Joshua exhorts the Israelites, “Choose this day whom you will serve,” presenting a clear decision between serving God or idols. This command assumes the ability to choose freely, not a predetermined outcome. Similarly, Deuteronomy 30:19 declares, “I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Therefore choose life.” The imperative to “choose” underscores human responsibility to respond to God’s call, incompatible with a view where every decision is divinely dictated.

In the New Testament, Jesus’ invitations affirm free will. Matthew 11:28 says, “Come to me, all you who are weary and heavy laden, and I will give you rest.” This open invite requires a voluntary response, suggesting individuals can accept or reject it. Likewise, John 7:17 states, “If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself.” Jesus emphasizes choice as central to faith, countering the idea that God irresistibly determines belief.

Calvinists often cite Romans 9:16-18, which highlights God’s sovereignty in showing mercy, to support predestination. However, Paul’s broader argument in Romans emphasizes human responsibility. Romans 10:9 declares, “If you declare with your mouth, ‘Jesus is Lord,’ and believe in your heart… you will be saved.” (Paul will continue on in the text pointing to baptism & faith). The conditional “if” implies that salvation hinges on personal choice, not divine coercion. Furthermore, 2 Peter 3:9 reveals God’s desire that “not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance,” suggesting universal opportunity for salvation through free response, not selective predetermination.

Ephesians 1:4-5, another Calvinist cornerstone, states God chose believers “before the foundation of the world.” Yet, this should be understood corporately; God predestining the church as a body for salvation, while individuals freely choose to obey the Gospel and are added to the church through faith (Ephesians 2:8-9; Acts 2:38,41,47). This harmonizes with passages like Revelation 3:20, where Jesus says, “I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in.” The imagery of opening the door underscores human agency in responding to divine initiative.

Moreover, Calvinism’s strict determinism raises concerns about God’s character. If God ordains all actions, including sin, it conflicts with James 1:13, which states, “God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt anyone.” Free will allows humans to bear responsibility for sin, preserving God’s holiness and justice. Neither the devil nor God made us do it. Scripture consistently portrays God as inviting, not compelling, human response. Scripture paints God as the ultimate pursuer, not puppet-master. Free will aligns with a God who desires genuine relationship over robotic obedience.

agape

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Evidence for our Faith: The Bible’s Influence on Western Law

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The Bible’s Enduring Influence on Western Law and the U.S. Constitution

It is apparent to me that the Bible has profoundly shaped Western civilization and the U.S. Constitution, providing moral and legal principles. Its scriptural teachings influenced the cultural and intellectual society of the West and the American founding, creating a legacy evident in modern legal systems and constitutional governance.

The biblical concept of human dignity, derived from the idea that humans are created in God’s image (Genesis 1:26-27), laid the foundation for Western notions of individual rights. Historian David Landes, in The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, argues that this principle inspired accountability and fairness, influencing documents like the Magna Carta (1215), which echoes Deuteronomy 16:20’s call for justice. This idea can be seen in the Declaration of Independence’s “unalienable rights” and the Constitution’s Bill of Rights, particularly the First Amendment’s protections of speech and religion. James Madison, a key framer, drew on biblical notions of human worth, as noted by Carl Richard in The Founders and the Bible.

The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1-17) provided a moral framework for Western jurisprudence, with prohibitions against murder, theft, and perjury shaping legal codes from medieval Europe to colonial America. Legal scholar Harold Berman, in Law and Revolution, highlights how biblical ethics standardized justice in fragmented societies, a legacy reflected in the Constitution’s emphasis on impartiality (Leviticus 19:15). The command to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Leviticus 19:18; Matthew 22:39) further inspired Western social welfare laws and the Constitution’s reliance on civic virtue, as Benjamin Franklin emphasized in his writings.

The Bible’s warnings against unchecked power (1 Samuel 8:10-18; Deuteronomy 17:14-20) influenced the Western concept of the rule of law and the Constitution’s checks and balances. John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, which cites scripture, argued for limited government, shaping the Constitution’s separation of powers (Articles I-III). Historian Donald Lutz, in The Origins of American Constitutionalism, notes that colonial sermons often referenced Exodus 18:21-22’s decentralized governance, influencing federalism. John Adams, in his Defence of the Constitutions, tied governance to biblical morality (Proverbs 29:2), reinforcing accountability.

The Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) embedded biblical values in colonial culture, shaping the framers’ commitment to liberty, as Daniel Dreisbach details in Reading the Bible with the Founding Fathers. While Enlightenment ideas contributed, the Bible’s influence provided a moral compass for constitutional principles like forgiveness (Colossians 3:13), evident in rehabilitative justice systems. Critics may emphasize secular influences, but the framers’ biblical worldview, as seen in their writings, brought together faith and reason.

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Sources:
Berman, Harold. Law and Revolution. Harvard University Press, 1983.
Dreisbach, Daniel L. Reading the Bible with the Founding Fathers. Oxford University Press, 2017.
Landes, David. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations. W.W. Norton, 1998.
Lutz, Donald S. The Origins of American Constitutionalism. LSU Press, 1988.
Richard, Carl J. The Founders and the Bible. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.
The Bible (KJV): Genesis 1:26-27, Exodus 18:21-22, 20:1-17, Leviticus 19:15, 19:18, Deuteronomy 16:20, 17:14-20, 1 Samuel 8:10-18, Proverbs 29:2, Matthew 22:39, Colossians 3:13.